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... the results of one study reveal how most weight-loss programs have overemphasized the importance that energy intake has on weight-loss ... dr hall said, “health and nutrition organisations have perpetuated the myth that a reduction of food intake of 2 mj per day will lead to a steady rate of weight loss of 1 ... “body weight response to a change of energy intake is slow ... furthermore, adults with greater adiposity have a larger expected weight loss for the same change of energy intake, and to reach their steady-state weight will take longer than it would for those with less initial body fat ... “on the basis of our model, we propose an approximate rule of thumb for an average overweight adult: every change of energy intake of 100 kj per day will lead to an eventual body weight change of about 1 kg (equivalently, 10 kcal per day per pound of weight change) with half of the weight change being achieved in about one year and 95% of the weight change in about three years

... the authors, based at the institute of psychological sciences at the university of leeds said that their study demonstrated that in “participants who are moderately restrained eaters, who are motivated to lose weight or maintain weight loss, chewing gum reduced desire for and intake of highly palatable sweet and salty snacks ... ” they noted that studies looking at orosensory stimulation in the development of satiation have shown that chewing produces a greater reduction in food intake than the same energy provided as a drink or semi-solid ... ” the study the study tested the hypothesis that chewing sweetened gum will reduce subjective appetite and subsequent snack intake in moderately restrained eaters ... they explained that for eligibility, participants had to be aged between 18 and 55 years of age, not be underweight, have a full set of teeth in good repair, not be pregnant or breastfeeding, be in good health with no allergies to gum and not be taking medications likely to influence appetite and food intake

... “these findings increase our understanding of the interplay among emotions, hunger, food intake, and meal-induced sensations in health, which may have important implications for a wide range of disorders, including obesity, eating disorders, and depression,” they added ... foods for moods? it is well known that there is an intimate relationship between emotional state and food intake — we choose chocolate over an apple when overworked and stressed and comfort food makes us feel better ... the authors explained that an “intimate relationship between hunger/satiety, food intake, visceral sensory signalling, and emotions exists

... overweight chinese youth have a greater intake of vegetables, and a lower intake of sweets and fast food than did those who were not overweight, recent research suggests ... “diets rich in fruits and vegetables have generally associated with lower caloric intake in studies conducted in the west ... according to the researchers, in china, the two most common methods of cooking vegetables are deep-frying and stir-frying, both of which involve generous use of oil, which could result in higher intake of energy ... under the survey, researchers measured dietary intake during the last month by food frequency items ... five food items were included in the current analyses to assess the consumption of different foods ... this included vegetable intake (fresh or cooked vegetables), fruit intake (fresh fruits including fruit juice), sweets intake (desserts, ice cream, candy, or soda), snack intake (potato chips, corn chips, and tortilla chips), and fast food intake (mcdonald’s, kfc, pizza hut etc)

... non-food products that are produced to smell like food, such as chocolate or fruit scented personal care products, may increase food intake and lead to obesity, according to new research ... the study, published in food quality and preference, suggests that increased exposure to products labelled and scented like foods may increase intake of those foods, and therefore “may be a part of the obesogenic environment ... ” “food-related cues can increase intake; therefore, it was anticipated that conscious exposure to food-scented products could also influence consumption,” said the authors, led by jennifer coelho from maastricht university, the netherlands ... the authors added that food-scented personal care products have been marketed as “a way to enjoy chocolate without the calories ... ” “however, the current research indicates that conscious exposure to chocolate-related products (or labelled chocolate-scented products) increases intake,” they said ... food cues the researchers noted that the increase in the prevalence of obesity is leading scientists to investigate the role of the ‘obesogenic’ environment on eating behaviour ... “the pervasiveness of exposure to food-related cues is concerning, given that exposure to food cues increases subsequent food intake ... for example, exposure to the smell of pizza increases subsequent pizza intake, particularly in chronic dieters,” said the authors ... “similarly, exposure to the taste and sight of food stimulated desire to eat and intake, even when participants ate to satiation just prior to food-cue exposure,” they added ... coelho and her co-workers said that such findings suggest that food-cue exposure “can encourage superfluous intake”, and therefore may play an important role in potential weight gain

... children’s exposure to television advertising for unhealthy fast food has not changed since the introduction of industry self-regulation, and fast food ads are significantly more frequent overall, according to new research from the university of sydney ... the authors called for greater government regulation of fast food advertising, particularly as research shows that kids’ exposure to these ads negatively influences their food intake ... “the limited impact of self-regulation suggests that governments should define the policy framework for regulating fast-food advertising,” they wrote ... the study, which compared a period before and after the introduction of the qsri initiative, found that the average frequency of fast food ads significantly increased over the study period, from 1

... “our research showed that fat substitutes can interfere with the body’s ability to regulate food intake, which can lead to inefficient use of calories and weight gain,” said susan e ... for rats on the high-fat diet, the group that ate both types of potato chips consumed more food, gained more weight and developed more fatty tissue than the rats that ate only the high-calorie chips ... however, she warned that it can be difficult to extrapolate laboratory findings about rats to people, even though their biological responses to food are similar ... why would a fat substitute confuse the body? food with a sweet or fatty taste usually indicates a large number of calories, and the taste triggers various responses by the body, including salivation, hormonal secretions and metabolic reactions ... however, when those same rats were switched to a high-fat diet, the rats that had eaten both types of potato chips ate more food and gained more weight and body fat than the rats that had eaten only the high-calorie chips ... “eating food which is naturally low in fat and calories may be a better route than relying on fat substitutes or artificial sweeteners

... in addition, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri), the researchers found that eating a protein-rich breakfast reduces the brain signals controlling food motivation and reward-driven eating behavior ... “this research provides additional evidence that breakfast is a valuable strategy to control appetite and regulate food intake ... ” in the study, leidy assessed physiological hunger and satiety by measuring perceived appetite sensations and hormonal markers in combination with psychological reward-driven motivation to eat, using fmri to identify brain activation in specific regions related to food motivation and reward ... fmri results showed that brain activation in regions controlling food motivation and reward was reduced prior to lunch time when breakfast was consumed in the morning

... ” easter is a holiday where time is spent with friends and family, and food is aplenty, especially chocolate ... magda’s top five tips to have an egg-cellent easter size does matter: buy small individually wrapped eggs instead of the biggest egg you can find! a 100g milk chocolate egg contains about 500 calories which is almost a third of your daily intake if you are trying to lose weight ... stay active by balancing food intake with exercise: get outdoors and arrange a healthy easter picnic at your local park

... the research, evaluating the impact of salt, fat and sugar levels in common foods on children’s intake, advises that reducing salts could lead to a play-off between the risks associated with high salt intake and a decrease in the acceptance of certain foods that should be encouraged for children – such as green vegetables ... “nutritional policies regarding the use of salt, fat and sugar aimed at children could take these results into account and could emphasise that salt addition should be limited and that fat and sugar addition can be avoided, helping to prevent obesity from an early age on and to establish healthier food habits,” said the researchers, led by sofia bouhlal from the universite de bourgogne, france ... child nutrition bouhlal and colleagues said the past few years has seen many countries develop governmental policies aimed at decreasing the intake of salt-rich, fat-rich and sugar-rich foods ... however, they noted that data measuring the impact of these reductions on food consumption, particularly in young children, are not available ... understanding the importance of early childhood in the development of long-standing food behaviour, and studying the impact of the recommendations on child food intake seems necessary, they said, adding that is was especially important to understand the influence of sensory properties on food intake in young children